Introduction to Wind Turbine Aerodynamics

【电子书】Introduction to Wind Turbine Aerodynamics 1th 2014

1 Introduction 

1.1 The Meaning of Wind Turbine Aerodynamics 

1.2 Problems 

References

2 Types of Wind Turbines

2.1 Historical and State-of-the-Art Horizontal

Axis Wind Turbines

2.2 Non-Standard HAWTs 

2.3 Small Wind Turbines 

2.4 Vertical Axis Wind Turbines

2.5 Diffuser Augmented Wind Turbines

2.6 Drag-Driven Turbines 

2.7 Counter-Rotating Wind Turbines 

2.8 Concluding Remarks 

2.9 Problems 

References 

3 Basic Fluid Mechanics 

3.1 Basic Properties of Air

3.2 The Laws of Fluid Mechanics in Integral Form

3.2.1 Mass Conservation

3.2.2 Balance of Momentum 

3.2.3 Conservation of Energy

3.3 Differential Equations of Fluid Flow

3.3.1 Continuity Equation in Differential Form

3.3.2 Momentum Balance

3.3.3 Differential Energy Equation 

3.4 Viscosity and Navier–Stokes Equations

3.5 Potential Flow

3.5.1 General 3D Potential Flow

3.5.2 2D Potential Attached Flow

3.5.3 2D Potential Flow Behind a Semi-infinite Set of Lamina

3.5.4 2D Separated Flow

3.6 Formulation of Fluid Mechanics in Terms of Vorticityand Vortices 

3.6.1 Flow and Forces 

3.6.2 Thin Airfoil Theory

3.6.3 Vortex Sheets 

3.6.4 Vorticity in Inviscid Flow 

3.7 Boundary Layer Theory 

3.7.1 The Concept of a Boundary Layer 

3.7.2 Boundary Layers with Pressure Gradient

3.7.3 Integral Boundary Layer Equations

3.8 Stability of Laminar Flow

3.9 Turbulence 

3.9.1 Introduction 

3.9.2 Mathematical Theory of Turbulence 

3.9.3 The Physics of Turbulence 

3.9.4 Kolmogorov’s Theory 

3.9.5 Dissipation Scales 

3.9.6 Turbulence as a Stochastic Process 

3.9.7 The Turbulent Boundary Layer

3.9.8 The Log Law of the Wall

3.10 Wind as Turbulent Flow in the Lower Atmosphere 

3.11 Problems 

References 

4 Inflow Conditions to Wind Turbines

4.1 Importance of Inflow Conditions to Rotor Performance 

4.2 Wind Shear

4.3 Unsteady Inflow Versus Turbulence

4.4 Measuring Wind 

4.5 Synthetic Winds 

4.6 Problems 

References

5 Momentum Theories

5.1 One-Dimensional Momentum Theory

5.1.1 Forces 

5.1.2 Power 

5.1.3 Remarks on Beating Betz

5.2 General Momentum Theory 

5.3 Limits and Extensions of General Momentum Theories 

5.4 The Blade Element Momentum Theory